Further Reading
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Boeing, G. (2025). `Modeling and Analyzing Urban Networks and Amenities with OSMnx`_. *Geographical Analysis* 57 (4), 567-577. doi:10.1111/gean.70009

This is the official reference paper and citation for the OSMnx package.

.. _Modeling and Analyzing Urban Networks and Amenities with OSMnx: https://doi.org/10.1111/gean.70009

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Boeing, G. (2026). `Urban Science Beyond Samples: Up-to-Date Street Network Models and Indicators for Every Urban Area in the World`_. *Environment and Planning B*, published online ahead of print. doi:10.1177/23998083261446991

This study uses OSMnx to model and analyze the street networks of every urban area in the world: over 180 million OpenStreetMap street network nodes and over 360 million edges across 10,351 urban areas in 189 countries.

.. _Urban Science Beyond Samples\: Up-to-Date Street Network Models and Indicators for Every Urban Area in the World: https://geoffboeing.com/publications/street-network-models-indicators-world/

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Boeing, G. (2025). `Topological Graph Simplification Solutions to the Street Intersection Miscount Problem`_. *Transactions in GIS* 29 (3), e70037. doi:10.1111/tgis.70037

This paper describes and validates the algorithms implemented in OSMnx's :code:`simplification` module and explains why graph simplification is necessary to accurately measure intersection density, street segment length, node degree, etc.

.. _Topological Graph Simplification Solutions to the Street Intersection Miscount Problem: https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.70037

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Boeing, G. (2020). `Planarity and Street Network Representation in Urban Form Analysis`_. *Environment and Planning B* 47 (5), 855-869. doi:10.1177/2399808318802941

This paper demonstrates the need for nonplanar graphs when modeling urban street networks, which was one of the original motivations for developing OSMnx.

.. _Planarity and Street Network Representation in Urban Form Analysis: https://geoffboeing.com/publications/planarity-street-network-representation/


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Boeing, G. (2020). `The Right Tools for the Job: The Case for Spatial Science Tool-Building`_. *Transactions in GIS* 24 (5), 1299-1314. doi:10.1111/tgis.12678

This paper was presented as the 8th annual Transactions in GIS plenary address at the American Association of Geographers annual meeting in Washington, DC. It describes the early development of OSMnx and reviews its use in scientific research over the previous few years.

.. _The Right Tools for the Job\: The Case for Spatial Science Tool-Building: https://geoffboeing.com/publications/right-tools-for-job/
